丰富城市与景不雅观肌理中的校园 拍照：胡康榆
extreme urban context: skyscrapers, urban village, river and mountains of Hong Kong © Hu Kangyu
位于深圳市中央区的福田中学是特区内规模最大的投止制高等中学之一。超高的建筑密度、紧张而繁芜的都邑环境，使其成为2018年福田新校园行动操持“8+1”建筑联展中最受瞩目的项目之一。颠覆传统校园与城市分隔而设的老例，冲破边界、城校共享，原址重修后的福田中学试图供应一种“城市中的城市”的校园新类型。
Futian High School Campus is a ground-breaking model of boarding school in the heart of Shenzhen, the most modern and dynamic Chinese metropolis. Its unicity comes from multiple factors: a context of extreme urban conditions, a very high density, a program layout that allows most facilities to be shared with the neighbours, together make Futian Campus a prototype of “a new city within the city”.
项目背景 The context
园地域位 site location
1980 年，深圳设立“经济特区”之时，还只是一个人口仅 30 万的小渔村落。漫长的海岸线和与喷鼻香港毗邻的地理位置，使其具有主要计策意义。这座城市经历了人类历史上最快的城市化进程，仅44年后的本日，城市人口已靠近 1800 万。
In 1980, when Shenzhen was given the status of “special economic zone”, the city was little more than a cluster of fishermen villages with a total population of 300,000 inhabitants in a strategic geographic position due to its extended coastline and its proximity to Hong Kong. Thanks to its special status the city has experienced the fastest process of urbanization in human history and nowadays it hosts almost 18 million inhabitants.
极致的园地环境：丰富城市与景不雅观肌理中的校园 拍照：张超
extreme urban context: skyscrapers, urban village, river and mountains of Hong Kong © Zhang Chao
这种前所未有的城市增长模式犹如一把双刃剑：一方面，它使深圳在社会和经济上成为中国创新的引擎；另一方面，深圳的地皮稀缺和随人口扩展不断增长的公共配套举动步伐需求之间的抵牾日益激化：深圳的人口与北京附近，但面积仅为北京的八分之一；公共配套，特殊是教诲用地严重短缺，学校、数量远远无法跟上城市发展的脚步。深圳不仅在短韶光内须要新建大量的中小学以迅速补充巨大的学位缺口，而且地皮的稀缺迫使这批学校走向高密度校园的新类型。
This unprecedented urban growth has had positive and negative effects: on the one hand it has spurred the city to become the engine of Chinese innovation (both in social and economic terms); on the other hand it has produced phenomena of hyper-densification due to scarcity of available soil - as a reference Shenzhen and Beijing have a similar population, but Shenzhen has only 1/8 of Beijing’s area - and lack of public facilities, particularly schools, which have not managed to keep up with the pace of growth of the rest of the city. To solve this deficit, in the last five years the local government has built more than 200 new schools.
校园夜景鸟瞰 拍照：张超
campus birdview (night) © Zhang Chao
项目所在的福田区是特区的核心腹地，位于福田区中央的校园周边数公里内，可以看到这个年轻城市快速城市化产生的极为多样的城市肌理：东侧远方是喷鼻香港米埔自然保护区湿地和连绵山脉，近处有拥挤的城中村落（福田村落，少数城中央存留的城中村落之一）；西侧则是开阔的都邑绿轴中央公园，远方是CBD天涯线；北、东、南三面被百米高层紧贴环抱，仅有西侧与城市街道福田路接驳——福田中学的园地可以被视作补完这片超高密度城中央区的末了一块用地。
Futian is located right at the centre of the new metropolis. Within a radius of a few kilometres from the school, one can observe the greatest variety of urban fabrics: Hong Kong green reserve land in the distance, Futian urban village (one of the few remains of the old town) in the immediate adjacency, already surrounded by new 100+ meters high residential towers, the new Central Park in front and on the other side of the park, the imposing skyscrapers of the CBD. In this context, the site of the school, locked by high-rise buildings on three sides, presented itself as one of the last plots of low density to be upgraded by the new development.
园地原状 site condition
高密度城市包围的校园 拍照：张超
surrounded by dense urban fabric ©Zhang Chao
城市对峙异的追求在福田中学的设计竞赛中得到了回应。福田新校园行动操持“8+1”的一系列学校设计里，竞赛任务书哀求建筑师从根本上重新思考“校园”的观点，探索新的学校建筑类型以应对前所未有的密度，适应新的教诲模式改革；反思当代校园应担当的角色，提出新的校园空间范式以更好的与周边社区产生真实而紧密的共享关系。
The city’s search for innovation resonated in the competition call for Futian High School, through a new urban manifesto called “8+1 - Futian New Campus Action Plan”. The competition brief asked architects to fundamentally rethink the idea of “campus” and explore new school typologies that had to address an unprecedented density and a changing educational system; in other words rethinking what a contemporary school campus should be and how it can operate locally, proposing new hybrid typologies that allow a stronger dialogue with its neighbouring community.
城市策略 Urban strategy
城市剖面 urban section
设计将传授教化塔楼和高层的宿舍体量沿着用地东侧和南侧支配，操场则支配于园地西侧，与周边已有的城市肌理共同形成东高西低的天涯线，平稳地向西侧中央公园过渡。宿舍楼的弘大体量（长120米、高50米），经由一系列水平和竖向的体型“裂痕”，得到通透疏朗而尺度宜人的体形而融入周边环境，避免其产生对校园内外环境的压迫感。
The higher volumes of the teaching towers and the dorms are placed along the east and south boundaries of the site, creating a clear connection with the skyline of the adjacent buildings and a smooth degrading transition towards the urban void of the park. The imposing volume of the dorms (120m long and 50m high) is divided by a series of vertical and horizontal cuts that articulate the massing and bring down its scale to blend with the built fabric of the adjacent urban village.
顶视图 拍照：张超 top view © Zhang Chao
设计天生 design process
不同于大部分中国的中小学中操场被作为校园中央焦点的办法，福田中学始终向外聚焦，平行交织与微折的传授教化楼体量创造多条东西向视觉通廊，最大限度的扩大朝向开阔的中央公园和远方起伏的CBD天涯线。学生不再与城市隔绝，而是成为周边都邑的积极不雅观察者。
Contrary to most Chinese schools that are arranged around a central focal point (usually the sports field), the buildings of Futian Campus are focusing outwards: through a series of visual corridors all the volumes open up to the mesmerizing views of Futian Central Park and the CBD. Thus students are not isolated from the city anymore, but they are active spectators of the surrounding city.
传授教化楼间的视线通廊 拍照：张超
view corridor between teaching towers © Zhang Chao
一座没有围墙的学校：真正的城校共享
A school without a fence:
sharing facilities with the neighbours
通往架空操场的城市侧快捷入口 拍照：张超
street access to the elevated sports field © Zhang Chao
新旧比拟：校园入口 拍照（右图）：张超
old and new: entrance
在中国，中小学校园在城市中仿若孤岛存在，是一座座从周边社区分离出来的小城市。丰富的空间举动步伐因安全、管理风险等缘故原由难以对外开放，日常利用坪效却很低。而福田中学的设计则对这种现状发出寻衅：从方案布局策略到建筑动线设计，将最多的文体举动步伐对社区开放，采取更加灵巧的管理方案，减少公共举动步伐的闲置和重复培植，这对付寸土寸金的高密度城区而言更为主要。
Traditionally Chinese schools are urban islands with campus structures that isolate them from their neighbours and a lot of underused facilities that for security reasons are not accessible by external users. Futian Campus design challenges this configuration in favour of a much more flexible management scheme that partially opens the school to the local community.
裙房轴测图 podium
△ 旁边滑动查看，直接面向城市街道的报告厅社会门厅 拍照：张超
public lobby of the auditorium open to the city © Zhang Chao
剖透视图 sectional perspective
为了能够在用地紧张的园地上实现设计任务书中的所有功能需求，设计将操场抬升至7.4米的平台之上并靠西侧城市街道放置，如此布局造就了一个分歧凡响的城市界面：学校沿主干道的边界不再是围墙，而是一个透明而有吸引力的立面，市民可直接从街道进入社会门厅，进而通向操场平台下方的一系列文体举动步伐。朝向城市和校园内部的双门厅设计，使得分时共享可以便捷的发生，却不会与校园内的学生活动相冲突。在周末或者举行分外活动时，总面积达13600平方米的文体举动步伐（篮球馆、风雨篮球场、排球场、羽毛球场、健身房、拍浮池、展览空间以及一个可容纳 1000 人的报告厅）均能对外开放，使学校由封闭的孤岛转变成一个真正向公共开放的市民中央。
In order to fulfil all the functional requirements of the brief in a relatively small site, one crucial design decision was to elevate the running track 7.4m above the road level, creating a thick podium that hosts all the larger pieces of the program, organized around a series of courtyards that create a porous mat structure. This configuration allowed to create an unusual urban interface: rather than the standard blind fence, the school boundary along the main road is a transparent façade that gives direct access to a series of semi-public facilities. In the weekends or for special events, a group of indoor and semi-outdoor basketball, volleyball and badminton courts, a gym, a swimming pool, an exhibition space and a 1,000 seats auditorium (in total 13,600 m2 of public program) can all be opened to external users, thus transforming the school from a hermetic bubble into a civic centre.
运动中央 sports center
风雨篮球场与通透的城市界面 拍照：胡康榆
semi-outdoor basketball courts and permeable urban interface © Hu Kangyu
△ 旁边滑动查看，风雨篮球场、通透的城市界面 拍照：胡康榆
semi-outdoor basketball courts and permeable urban interface © Hu Kangyu
△ 旁边滑动查看，羽毛球场、篮球馆、健身房 拍照：张超
semi-outdoor badminton courts, indoor basket court and gym © Zhang Chao
食堂轴测图 canteen
学生食堂 拍照：张超 canteen © Zhang Chao
为应对地块的不规则形状和局促的入口空间，设计将原来南北方向支配的操场逆时针旋转 15 度，不但可以吸纳不规则用地红线所造成的一系列边角空间，还在园地西南侧形成放大的入口广场和更加宜人开放的公共共享城市界面。操场的旋转使我们还给城市一个近千平方米的入口广场，一经落地即成为周边市民休闲、儿童玩耍运动的活力街区公园。
As a response to the irregular shape of the site, the running track on top of the podium is rotated 15 degrees anti-clockwise from the ideal north-south orientation to create a smoother connection with the buildings around it. As a result a triangular plaza is formed on the south-west corner of the plot, where the main gate is located. The entrance plaza is designed to give a generous space for the intense traffic of students and parents in school hours, but, especially in the evenings, it is also effectively a new active space open for public use.
△ 旁边滑动查看，校园入口：还给城市的广场 (傍晚与清晨）拍照：张超
entrance plaza (dusk and morning) © Zhang Chao
运动场西立面雨棚 拍照：张超
canopy façade
运动场雨棚：天花 拍照：胡康榆
canopy façade © Hu Kangyu
霸占近一半园地面积的400米田径场，是具有田径特色的福田中学体育教诲的核心举动步伐，也是周边2公里范围内唯一的标准田径场。它与真草足球场、可容纳超过3000名不雅观众的看台一同，让福田中学的操场成为区级体育举动步伐：除周末及寒暑假为周边市民供应专业的运动园地外，也为周边中小学一年一度的校园运动会供应园地。
A large stair connects the street with the grades of the sports field, allowing the facility to operate as a proper professional district-level stadium with a covered seats capacity for more than 3,000 spectators.
周边的小学在福田中学开展年度运动会 拍照：郑新然
shared sport facilities with other schools © Zheng Xinran
我们在面向福田路的校园西侧界面通过一系列楼梯、坡道，将空中操场与地面街道顺滑连接，空中平台还预留立体交通网络接口：在不久的未来这里将接驳一座通向对面中央公园的步辇儿天桥，让城市中的公共资源实现彼此之间真正的互联互通。
不久的未来，学校将接驳通向对面中央公园的步辇儿天桥
a future addition of a pedestrian bridge that would connect the stadium and the park
The design of the public circulation includes the plan for a future addition of a pedestrian bridge that would create a direct connection between the stadium and the park.
田径场 拍照：张超
running track © Zhang Chao
连接裙房高下运动空间的楼梯 拍照：胡康榆
stair connecting the lower and upper sports fields © Hu Kangyu
田径场与传授教化楼 拍照：袁小宜
running track and teaching towers © Yuan Xiaoyi
操场：安静的日常与沸腾的运动会 拍照：胡康榆
seating area for sports field (quiet time vs sports day) © Hu Kangyu
超高密度校园的空间应对
Mediating the extreme density
多层地面：望向CBD天涯线 拍照：胡康榆
multi-layered campus with a view of the CBD © Hu Kangyu
多层地面 拍照：胡康榆
multiplied grounds © Hu Kangyu
功能布局 program stack
福田中学在占地约41000平方米的原校址通过重新的校园设计，升级成为一所拥有60个行政班3000名高中生的投止制高中——12万平方米超大的目标总建筑量使得撤除田径场外建筑用地上的容积率达到3.87，是普通中学的2-3倍，因此被称为”8+1” 福田新校园行动操持九所学校中的“高密度之王”。在如此极度的高密度状况下，设计要知足日照条件、自然透风、消防安全以及其他严格的规范哀求，已然是一项巨大的寻衅。但最为寻衅性的是，如何才能减少如此高密度校园所产生的压抑感？为此，我们提出“多孔校园”和“多层地面”两个空间策略。
Futian Campus is a boarding school for a community of 3,000 students with a GFA of 120,000 m2 on a plot area of 41,000 m2. The project started as a renovation of an existing school, but the original floor area had to be quadrupled, making any preservation strategy impossible. With such numbers, the fulfilment of optimal solar conditions, proper natural ventilation, fire safety and other strict normative requirements was already a big achievement, but the most challenging design goal was to mitigate the sense of oppression that such high density could easily generate. For this scope, reMIX’s strategy focused on two main principles: maximizing porosity and “multiplying grounds”.
入口架空广场 拍照：张超
entrance plaza © Zhang Chao
传授教化楼与学生宿舍 拍照：胡康榆
teaching towers and students' dorm © Hu Kangyu
宿舍立面及“裂痕”中的攀岩墙 拍照：胡康榆
dorm façade
多孔校园的策略在水平和竖向两个维度上展开。水平向度上，一半以上的建筑体量置于抬升的操场层以下，在操场层（高密度校园的真正“人工地面”）感想熏染到的校园空间则呈现出一种出人意料的松弛和疏朗，但抬升操场下超大进深裙房的空间品质也必须被全面的考虑。于是，我们见缝插针的植入大大小小的下沉庭院，激活空间深处的自然采光与透风，“板下空间”不仅完备避免了如地下室般的逼仄不雅观感，且供应了大量遮风避雨、不需空调的运动与休闲空间。在垂直向度上，宿舍及传授教化楼各层的架空活动空间，将东熏风引入稠密的校园空间深处。这些精心设计的“空”，不仅创造出适宜亚热带景象条件的可呼吸空间聚落，同时也在弘大的校园中，带来与人亲近的尺度空间。
Achieving a high porosity, through the insertion of voids of different sizes both on the vertical axis (courtyards) and on the horizontal axis (covered terraces) is not only a valid design strategy to adapt to sub-tropical climatic conditions where natural ventilation is crucial, but it is also a way of creating new semi-outdoor spaces that operate at the human scale and help break down the imposing monumentality of the overall massing.
多层地面 multiplied grounds
位于三层的传授教化裙房屋面广场（左），传授教化楼（右） 拍照：胡康榆
podium deck at F3 © Hu Kangyu
传授教化楼立面 拍照：胡康榆
teaching tower façade
传授教化楼立面 拍照：胡康榆
teaching tower façade © Hu Kangyu
多层地面是在高强度开拓的情形下担保校园空间品质的主要策略。我们以立体多层的户外空间格局，在高密度的校园中最大限度的引入自然，强化建筑与景不雅观、室内与室外的领悟：高效利用下沉庭院、裙房顶面、建筑物屋面，最大化室外和半室外活动空间，通过一系列空中连廊、架空层、屋面花园构成丰富多元又尺度宜人的校园空间体验。
On a similar line, by “multiplying grounds” the massing process aims at creating as many active surfaces as possible, splitting the building volumes and displacing them on different interconnected levels. It is a spatial strategy that generates a distributed network of ever changing outdoor spaces and nodal filters through a large variety of connections and typologies of enclosure, smoothening up the transition between the landscape and the buildings.
THE LOOP | 空中社交圈
不仅仅是一个交通体系
The loop: much more than a circulation system
空中社交圈 loop
校园鸟瞰图 拍照：张超
campus birdview © Zhang Chao
“THE LOOP”的出发点是办理一个高密度高层校园中这个极具寻衅性的问题：3000 逻辑学生在高达13层的宿舍楼和数栋高层传授教化楼中穿梭，瞬时竖向人流压力如何能得以缓解？电梯自然无法完备办理这个问题。我们提出了空中社交圈的观点：它由串联传授教化区各建筑的400米环路和宿舍楼200米的架空层共同组成。它不仅在20-30米的高空塑造了一个视野极佳的第二地面，也成为宿舍与传授教化楼之间的“捷径”。它供应了一种新的交通办法，同时将高层建筑的宿舍楼以中心架空层划分成高下两个多层建筑，形成一个适宜垂直校园体系的交通系统。
The starting point in the design of the loop was a practical solution to a very challenging issue: 3,000 students live in a dorm building that reaches 13 floors of height and every morning they all need to move at once to reach their respective classrooms. How can one make such massive flow happen without heavily relying on elevators, not a feasible option for a school? The solution came from splitting up the volume of the dorms to create a public platform on the 9th floor that overviews the whole campus and connects to all the teaching towers on the 6th and 7th floor, through a system of bridges and stepped roofs. By splitting the high-rise buildings into two low-rise horizontal halves, this new elevated path cuts vertical movements by half, allowing students living or studying in the higher floors to move across the whole campus without the need of going up and down infinite flies of stairs.
宿舍架空层 拍照：胡康榆
connection from the dorm to the teaching area © Hu Kangyu
从宿舍架空层走向空中社交圈 拍照：胡康榆
connection from the dorm to the teaching area © Hu Kangyu
传授教化楼 拍照：胡康榆
teaching towers © Hu Kangyu
当然，空中社交圈远不但是一个高效的交通体系，在方案上不是出于最短路径原则，设计上也不是一个大略的连廊系统，而是一个在传授教化楼6-7层间高下起伏，由楼梯、坡道、架空层、露天戏院、屋面花园等串联起来的连贯社交空间体系。它连接了校园高区中一系列最为公共的利用功能——传授教化区灵巧教室、露天阶梯教室、宿舍共享学习及健身区等—— 这一系列非正式社交空间和创新启示式的学习空间，鼓励师生之间的互换、共享与碰撞随时随地自然发生。空中社交圈营造了20余处尺度、高低、视野、围合感各不相同的户外和半户外空间，成为学生日常的创造与惊喜的来源——它在超高效的空间体系中供应了适度低效的可能，在超级集体生活中供应了极为必要的个人体验空间。
The loop, though, is not just a circulation system and it is certainly not driven only by efficiency, in fact none of the connections is straight nor follows shortest-walk principles. It is rather a three-dimensional combination of diverse social spaces (seating areas, open air classrooms, amphitheatres, roof gardens, etc.) that are designed to promote curiosity and inspire spontaneous activities and exchanges between students, recreating in a way all the interesting informal interactions that occur in the city. In other words, the loop is a meandering “social bend” designed to organize the campus life, privileging diverse individual experiences in spite of social segregation.
从宿舍架空层走向空中社交圈 拍照：张超
roof terrace of the mediateque © Zhang Chao
图书馆屋面露天戏院 拍照：胡康榆
roof of the library © Hu Kangyu
△ 旁边滑动查看，空中社交圈：露天阶梯教室、 自由谈论区、实验室展示界面 拍照：张超、胡康榆
the loop: semi-outdoor stepped classroom, discussion area, scientific labs with clear interface to the corridor © Zhang Chao and Hu Kangyu
生态校园
An ecological campus
候鸟迁徙路径 拍照：胡康榆 bird migration route
生态剖面 ecological section
福田中学紧邻深圳一条极为主要的候鸟迁徙通道。改造前的福田中学，每到候鸟迁徙时令，学生们便能看到成群的鸟在运动场的草地上休憩；改造后的福田中学坚持东高西低的校园布局，栽种真草的足球场与原福田中学操场草坪一样，连续与中央公园实现生态联动，成为一个对鸟类友好的生态校园，延续福田中学独特的空间影象。
Futian campus is located along a very important corridor for migratory birds. In the old school, during the migration season, students could observe big flocks of birds resting on the grass of the sports field - one of the reason why the competition brief asked for a grass football pitch. The new massing of the campus degrading towards the park makes it a bird friendly eco-system.
峡谷自然博物馆 the jungle
在校园景不雅观层面，我们希望福田中学成为一个促进物种多样性的海绵校园。操场、裙房屋面、空中活动圈和塔楼屋面支配有丰富的景不雅观绿化，构建一个立体的生态和雨洪管理系统。传授教化楼的屋顶绿化设计各不相同，除屋顶农场、晒台花园外，我们还为鸟类的栖居和觅食专门预留了一个非上人绿化屋面。
While the multiple courtyards and gardens on the podium are designed to address storm water management strategies and human-related needs, the green roofs of the teaching towers are mainly designed for the birds.
峡谷自然博物馆 拍照：张超
the jungle © Zhang Chao
峡谷：多孔性 拍照：张超
the jungle: massing porosity © Zhang Chao
校园中立体多层的景不雅观空间共同形成相互连接的生态根本举动步伐，除了雨洪管理、鸟类保育等功能外，我们还在裙房中设置了一个峡谷自然博物馆，这个空间是设计师与各学科老师共创的结果，融入地理、自然、生态等学科的传授教化内容，为学生供应宝贵的教诲素材和户外教室，让教诲与建筑真实的互动，让校园真正成为一本教科书。
A three-dimensional system of green spaces creates an interconnected ecological infrastructure. The design of the green system responds to multiple functional goals: food provision for migratory birds, rain gardens and botanical exhibition areas provide environmental benefits as well valuable educational material for the students.
从中央公园看向校园 拍照：张超
view from Central Park © Zhang Chao
△ 旁边滑动查看，首层平面、三层平面、六层平面、七层平面
ground floor plan, third floor plan, sixth floor plan, seventh floor plan
△ 旁边滑动查看，南北向剖面图、东西向剖面图
section SN and section WE
运动场雨棚节点图 canopy detail
传授教化楼节点图 teaching tower detail
宿舍节点图 dorm detail
项目信息
年份：2018 - 2023
面积：120,774 m2
类型：教诲建筑
状态：已建成
地点：中国，广东省深圳市
业主：深圳市福田区教诲局、深圳市福田区工务署
主持建筑师：陈忱、Nicola Saladino、吕守拓、Federico Ruberto
项目建筑师：张佳佳
设计团队：陈牧之、段锦童、王翊人、刘杨洋、徐冰凌、陈思、陈宇轩、谭露（竞赛阶段）
Alexandre Braleret、王翊人、Marco Navarro、聂鹏、Javier Pelaez、许诺凡、陈思、黄佳鸿、王瑞婷、姚杰奇（深化阶段）
代建单位：深圳市万科城市培植管理有限公司
互助设计院：深圳市华阳国际工程设计株式会社
景不雅观设计：深圳派尔景不雅观方案设计咨询有限公司
室内设计：深圳市艾斯蒂设计有限公司
照明顾问：北京宁之境照明设计有限任务公司
拍照：张超，胡康榆，袁小宜，郑新然
Project data
Year: 2018 - 2023
Size: 120,774 m2
Type: educational
Status: completed
Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Client: Shenzhen Futian Educational Bureau, Shenzhen Futian Public Works Bureau
Partners in charge: Chen Chen, Nicola Saladino, Shoutuo Lyu, Federico Ruberto
Project Architect: Jiajia Zhang
Design team: Muzhi Chen, Jintong Duan, Yiren Wang, Yangyang Liu, Bingling Xu, Si Chen, Yuxuan Chen, Lu Tan (competition)
Alexandre Braleret, Yiren Wang, Marco Navarro, Peng Nie, Javier Pelaez, Nuofan Xu, Si Chen, Jiahong Huang, Ruiting Wang, Jieqi Yao (design development)
Construction agency: Vanke
Local Design Institute: CAPOL
Landscape design development: PIO Landscape
Interior design development: SD Design
Lighting consultant: Ning Field Lighting Design Corp. Ltd.
Photography: Chao Zhang, Kangyu Hu, Xiaoyi Yuan, Xinran Zheng
资料来源、版权所有：reMIX临界事情室
