Vol.2 本期书目
建筑博士的必读书目 2
— 安德烈亚·帕拉第奥，克洛德·佩罗, 克劳德·尼古拉·勒杜
藤校G5等海内外名校学院都有哪些推举书目？有哪些好材料值得细细阅读？以及如何更好且全面地补充理论方面的背景知识？在TechArt的「藤校G5博士书单」中，博士导师们和
文章全文5200字，阅读韶光10分钟
第一期推举的【建筑历史与建筑理论】的书单：
藤校G5博士书单 | 建筑历史与理论的干系文献阅读推举 Vol.1
本期推举的【建筑历史与建筑理论】的书单：
第四章. Andrea Palladio | 安德烈亚·帕拉第奥
About Andrea Palladio | 关于安德烈亚·帕拉第奥
1.The Four Books on Architecture
2. Paper Palaces
3. Venice and Vitruvius
第五章. Claude Perrault | 克洛德·佩罗
About Claude Perrault | 关于克洛德·佩罗
1. Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns
2. The First Moderns
3. Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science
第六章. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux | 克劳德·尼古拉·勒杜
About Claude-Nicolas Ledoux | 关于克劳德·尼古拉·勒杜
1. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
2. The Writing of the Walls: Architectural Theory in the Late Enlightenment
3. Visionary Architects
4
第四章. Andrea Palladio | 安德烈亚·帕拉第奥
About Andrea Palladio | 关于安德烈亚·帕拉第奥
帕拉第奥人物肖像
安德烈亚·帕拉第奥, 为文艺复兴期间北意大利最精彩的建筑大师。帕拉第奥基于对古罗马建筑遗迹的研究，米爽朗基罗的设计与维特鲁威的数学比例，著有《建筑四书》。他的设计作品以邸宅、别墅、教堂和宫殿为主，若有名的Villa la Rotonda (圆厅别墅)，其建筑平面成完备对称，四面各有六柱的柱廓，中心圆厅有穹窿顶。帕拉第奥的建筑设计和著作的影响在18世纪时达到顶峰，所谓“帕拉弟奥主义”传遍当时的天下各地。
帕拉第奥的部分作品：Palazzo del Capitanio, Palazzo Chiericati, Teatro Olimpico（图片来源：Wikipedia）
帕拉第奥母题（Palladian motive）又称塞利奥拱（意大利语：Serliana）、威尼斯窗（德语：Venezianisches Fenster），是由拱券，柱式、壁柱、墙壁等建筑部件构成的一种组合，详细指对已建大厅进行改造，增建楼厅并加固回廊设计。帕拉第奥母题又常仅仅是指处于两个壁之间的三个窗洞的处理，又称为帕拉第奥式窗——即当中的呈券形，高而且宽；两旁的竖向矩形，低而且狭。
帕拉第奥式窗的演化（图片来源：Wikipedia）
（左）意大利威尼斯圣马可图书馆：母题的前身,（右）意大利维琴察帕拉第奥巴西利卡：成熟的母题
1. The Four Books on Architecture
"文艺复兴的紧张建筑理论”
作者
Andrea Palladio
出版年份
1965
出版方
Dover Publications
《建筑四书》，作为建筑史上最具影响力的理论书本，紧张编写了帕拉第奥的艺术理念和启示他的古代罗马建筑，第一本书紧张先容了五种建筑材料（Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite）和建造技能的特色与建造过程中的细节。第二本书紧张讲述帕拉第奥所设计的私人住宅、庄园等的干系观点与理论。展示并描述了他在威尼斯和维琴察及其附近的许多别墅（包括著名的卡普拉别墅或“圆形大厅”，蒂耶内宫和瓦尔马拉纳宫）。每块板都给出了建筑物的正面图和总体平面图。第三本书涉及街道，桥梁，广场和大教堂，个中大多数是古代罗马起源。在第四本书中，帕拉迪奥再现了许多古代罗马神庙的设计。
The Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio was one of the most influential figures that the field of architecture has ever produced. For classical architects, the term Palladian stands for a vocabulary of architectural forms embodying perfection and beauty. Of even greater significance than Palladio's buildings is his treatise I quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books On Architecture), the most successful architectural treatise of the Renaissance and one of the two or three most important books in the literature of architecture. First published in Italian in 1570, it has been translated into every major Western language. The First Book discusses building materials and techniques, as well as the five orders of architecture: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. Palladio describes the characteristics of each order and illustrates them. The Second Book discusses private townhouses and country estates, almost all designed by Palladio. The Third Book discusses streets, bridges, piazzas, and basilicas, most of the ancient Roman origin. The Fourth Book discusses ancient Roman temples, including the Pantheon.
（笔墨整理自：AbeBooks.com）
书中的阐明性插图（图片来源：AbeBooks.com）
2. Paper Palaces
“文艺复兴期间的未建成项目以及理论”
作者
Vaughan Hart, Peter Hicks
出版年份
1998
出版方
Yale University Press
在这一主要的论文集中，作者紧张研究了从维特鲁威至文艺复兴期间的所有建筑学的主要理论，如阿尔贝蒂，迪乔治，科隆纳，塞里奥，帕拉第奥等作家的建筑理论如何影响了建筑艺术的发展。作者同时整理了新脉络阐明建筑理论中的发展与相互影响，并谈论了各理论在意大利文艺复兴期间的意义以及之后对全体欧洲的长期影响。
De Architectura, the ten books by the Roman architect Vitruvius, survives as the only complete architectural treatise from antiquity. Its influence from the early Renaissance on was enormous, and many architects and theorists in Renaissance Italy, following Vitruvius's example, attempted to codify architectural practice and theory by writing their own treatises. In this important collection of essays, leading specialists examine the early editions of Vitruvius's writings and all the major Renaissance architectural treatises. The collection shows how architectural treatises by such authors as Alberti, Di Giorgio, Colonna, Serlio, Palladio, and others have affected the development of the art of building. The contributors offer new insights into the ideas of the treatises and discuss their significance in Renaissance Italy and their long-lasting influence throughout Europe.
（笔墨整理自：books.google.com）
Villa la Rotonda的平面与立体效果图 , (图片来源：Archiweb.com)
3. Venice and Vitruvius
“维特鲁威理论与威尼斯的城市设计”
作者
Margaret Muther D'Evelyn
出版年份
2012
出版方
Yale University Press
本书以威尼斯为例，通过威尼斯城市的中世纪和文艺复兴期间的街道，宫殿，教堂和塔楼中创造了生活原则，总结了维特鲁威的理论对后世建筑设计与城市方案的影响。同时通过大量干系案例，以及理论解释拉第奥对维特鲁威的理解。作者也同时也加入了其他建筑师，例如莱昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔贝蒂（Leon Battista Alberti）和塞巴斯蒂亚诺·塞利奥（Sebastiano Serlio）如何基于维特鲁威的理论，塑造了威尼斯这座城市的形象。
In the mid-16th century, the architect Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) and the humanist Daniele Barbaro (1513-1570) looked to city of Venice in order to understand and interpret Vitruvius's text - still in need of clarification - which would enable them to solve contemporary architectural problems. They found in the city's medieval and Renaissance streets, palaces, churches, and towers living principles that enabled them to interpret the ancient principles. By 1556, Barbaro had incorporated their observations into his "Commentaries" on Vitruvius, and two distinctly new editions for different audiences followed a decade later. Margaret D'Evelyn has gathered evidence to document how Palladio's understanding of Vitruvius influenced Barbaro. This engrossing volume also charts the invention of the illustrated architectural book and how major architect-authors, such as Leon Battista Alberti and Sebastiano Serlio, contributed to its development - demonstrating how Vitruvius shaped the way the city of Venice was viewed.
（笔墨整理自：yalebooks.yale.edu）
（图片来源：
VITRUVIUS POLLIO, Marcus (c.80-70 BCE- c.15 BCE). De architectura libri decem . Commentary by Daniele Barbaro. Venice: Franciscus Senensis, 1567，lotsearch.com）
其他干系推举书目
-Andrea Palladio & Guido Beltramini, The Private Palladio(Prestel Publication, 2012)
- Kim Williams and Giovanni Giaconi, The Villas of Palladio (Princeton Architectural Press, 2003)
5
第五章. Claude Perrault | 克洛德·佩罗
About Claude Perrault | 关于克洛德·佩罗
克洛德·佩罗人物肖像
Claude Perrault，17世纪的法国建筑师，由于将维特鲁威的“De Architectura”《建筑十书》翻译成法语并在书中配有自己大量的阐明性标注而著称。在1688年所著的“Ordonnance for the five kinds of columns after the method of the Ancients”《克洛德·佩罗：古典建筑的柱式规则》，个中基于维特鲁威的美学与比例观点所提出的相对美理论也被认为是Perrault在建筑学与艺术理论的最大造诣之一。卢浮宫的东立面以及柱廊，作为法国建筑古典主义的代表，也是Perrault最著名的建筑作品。其他设计作品还包括St-Benoît-le-Bétourné教堂，Ste-Geneviève教堂, 以及Paris Observatory等。
（笔墨整理自：豆瓣，britannica.com）
卢浮宫的东侧鸟瞰图，1663（图片来源：khanacademy.org）
Perrault的建筑项目（左）Saint-Benoît-le-Bétourné教堂，（右）Paris Observatory (图片来源：Wikipedia)
1. Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns
“古典建筑的柱式规则”
作者
Claude Perrault
出版年份
1996
出版方
Oxford University Press
“Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns”是17世纪艺术理论的主要文献，在西方建筑学的发展中有着重要意义。作者克洛德·佩罗在书中力争以古典柱式的比例为线索，基于当时的建筑学提出如何理解五种古典柱式，即多立克式（Doric）、爱奥尼式（Ionic）、科林斯式（Corinthian）、和具有罗马特色的塔司干式（Tuscan）和稠浊式（Composite）与建筑学理论的实质关系。全书分为高下两篇：《柱式通论》和《柱式分论》，个中在上篇，作者剖析了不同构件在比例下所达成的效果，如檐部、柱高、基座等的比例规制。而不才篇，佩罗对付不同柱体，样式特色，尺寸比例，给予了作者一系列的剖析与评价。
（笔墨整理自：book.douban.com）
五种古典柱体：托斯卡纳，多立克，爱奥尼亚，哥林多和合成柱式
(图片来源：Cyclopædia, 1728)
On the basis of “The Ten Books of Architecture” ,Claude Perrault began to compose the first post-Renaissance treatise on architecture, one in which the rules of architectural design were now to be determined not by apodictic ancient precedents but by reason and—above all—by a variable national taste. The Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns after the Method of the Ancients, 1683, was the culmination of Perrault’s efforts. A relative theory of beauty was proposed: a gage of battle and affront to the absolute premise of the newly founded Académie Royale d’Architecture, headed by François Blondel.
（笔墨整理自：getty.edu）
书中部分截图 (图片来源：books.google.com)
2. Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science
“古典建筑绝对美学的质疑”
作者
Alberto Pérez-Gómez
出版年份
1983
出版方
The MIT Press
这本书首先提出了克劳德·佩罗对付古典建筑绝对美学代价，以及对付毕达哥拉斯期间建筑遗产的“完美”比例的疑惑，将曾经被认为一成不变的设计制度引发了新一轮在建筑理论上的的辩论。同时结合作者自身的机器背景，本书也特殊关注了18世纪力学和新兴构造剖析技能的发展，以及这些技能如何影响建筑理论并将理论付诸与实践。书中对付建筑的渲染和干系绘图，也表现了建筑表达上，如渲染效果的几何投影绘图方法，的阶段性变革。
The book leads the reader through the controversy that was generated by Claude Perrault in the seventeenth century. His writings began to cast doubt on the absolute aesthetic value of the classical orders and the "perfect" proportions that were architecture's legacy from Pythagorean times. Thus, the once immutable "invisible" system lost its special status forever. The book focuses in particular on eighteenth-century developments in the science of mechanics and emerging techniques in the structural analysis which slowly entered the architectural treatises and found their way into practice, often by way of civil and military engineers. And by the nineteenth century, the book notes, even architectural rendering and drawing were radically changed through the introduction of new descriptive and projective geometries.
（笔墨整理自：books.google.com）
卢浮宫东立面，Perrault绘图与效果 (图片来源：Britannica.com)
3. The First Modern
“后世影响”
作者
William Everdell
出版年份
1997
出版方
University of Chicago Press
The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-Century Thought is a book on Modernism by historian William Everdell, published in 1997 by the University of Chicago Press. A New York Times Notable Book of 1997, and included by the New York Public Library on its list of "25 Books to Remember from 1997," The First Moderns suggests that "the heart of Modernism is the postulate of ontological discontinuity."
（笔墨整理自：getty.edu）
其他干系推举书目
-Paolo Rossi, Philosophy, Technology and the Arts in the Early Modern Era（Harper & Row, First American Edition, 1970）
-E.J. Diksterhuis, The Mechanization of the World Picture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961)
6
第六章. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux | 克劳德·尼古拉·勒杜
About Claude-Nicolas Ledoux | 克劳德·尼古拉·勒杜
克劳德·尼古拉斯·勒杜，法国新古典主义建筑风格早期精彩代表之一，其所用的建筑理论设计了法国部分建筑以及城镇方案，紧张作品有两大公共项目：如Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans阿尔克-瑟南的皇家盐场（1982年被联合国教科文组织列为天下文化遗产）；以及City walls of Paris ，巴黎城墙（为了农人税征收部门收税而建的围墙）。勒杜也同时因Chaux空想城市的操持被誉为乌托邦。
(笔墨整理自：Wikipedia)
Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senan, Ledoux 手稿 (图片来源：Wikipedia)
City walls of Paris手稿与实景 (图片来源：Wikipedia)
1. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
“空想主义和新古典主义”
作者
Anthony Vidler
出版年份
1900
出版方
The MIT Press
本书研究了18世纪末富有争议的建筑师在革命期间内的生活和建筑事情。自法国大革命以来，克劳德·尼古拉斯·勒杜的作品以及个人性情吸引了大量艺术史学家，社会评论家和建筑师，被誉为有远见的空想主义者和激进的新古典主义者。除了谈论勒杜作品中富有当代主义的。作者结合剖析了Ledoux的教诲程度，早期职业生涯以及Ledoux最主要的几个公共工程，以及城市项目，如Saline de Chaux，当时最著名的工厂镇之一，以及普罗旺斯地区艾克斯正义宫，贝桑松剧院和巴黎周围的收费站等。Ledoux的案例剖析整体表示一种“当代古典主义”，即将古老的形式重新投入当代意义，并终极形成一种带有符号学与功能机构的公共领域审美。在本书的末了部分，作者转向了勒杜的“空想之城”，提出建筑中乌托邦式设计的观点，剖析其观点引发的源头的同时，也带有对后世影响的评论。
Ledoux的建筑设计项目，(左) Farm Guards House, (右) Chaux
A product of detailed research into late-eighteenth-century cultural and social history, this book examines the controversial architect's life and work in the context of the Revolutionary period. The work of the French architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux has fascinated art historians, social critics, and architects alike since the French Revolution. It discusses Ledoux's education, early career, and the development of his personal idiom as a domestic architect. Vidler analyzes what was, perhaps, the most significant of Ledoux's public works, the Saline de Chaux, one of the most celebrated factory towns of its time and the only work of Ledoux to survive at the scale of its conception. Ledoux was deeply involved in urban projects as well, and Vidler studies a number of them - most notably, the Palace of Justice of Aix-en-Provence, the Theater of Besançon, and the tollgates around Paris - as examples of Ledoux's attempt to create a "modern classicism" that would reinvest ancient forms with contemporary meaning and ultimately fashion an aesthetic for the representation of the public realm in the book's final section, Vidler turns to the more explicitly utopian designs that Ledoux proposed for the "Ideal City of Chaux," which he imagined growing up around the saltworks in France-Comté. It was an entire city of symbolic and functional institutions, and Ledoux invented an architectural language to express their social and moral significance.
（笔墨整理自：mitpress.mit.edu）
书中的插图（图片来源：abebooks.com）
2. The Writing of the Walls: Architectural Theory in the Late Enlightenment
“法国革命期间新古典主义”
作者
Anthony Vidler
出版年份
1987
出版方
Princeton Architectural Press
本书通过整理法国大革命前期间的思想和紧张的建筑理论，剖析了当代建筑的根源，作者也重新定义了这一期间的建筑与社会之间的关系，着眼于当代建筑师的发展，Ledoux在书中作为法国革命期间新古典主义者的代表，在书中结合同期间的案例被重点剖析。
A summary of the ideas and buildings of the period before the French Revolution with particular reference to the roots of modern architecture. The author redefines the relationship between architecture and society during the period and looks at the reactions of contemporary architects.
Ledoux的部分作品截图（图片来源：archeyes.com）
3. Visionary Architects
“法国革命期间新古典主义”
作者
Jean-Claude Lemagny
出版年份
1968
出版方
Hennessey & Ingalls
在本书中，展现了18世纪的三位法国建筑师Boullee，Ledoux和Lequeu所绘制的科幻建筑系列， 并与他们为法国贵族实际建造的新古典主义作品做比拟。除了比较三者之间的差异，也同时表示空想观点与现实落实的相互影响。
The works included here by the three 18th-century French architects Boullee, Ledoux, and Lequeu include architectural drawings of geometric, colossal buildings that verge on science fiction, as well as more mundane neo-classical works built for the French aristocracy. Published first as a catalogue for a travelling exhibition originating at the U. of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas.
（笔墨整理自：books.google.com）
（图片来源：averyreview.com）
其他干系推举书目
- Isabel Knight, The Geometric Spirit（New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968）
-E.J. Diksterhuis, The Mechanization of the World Picture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961)
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